![]() James Crofts, Duke of Monmouth (1649 – 1685)Ĭharles Fitzroy Duke of Southampton (1662 – 1730) Catherine of Braganza suffered a number of miscarriages and stillbirths but no live children were born to the couple.Ĭharles was known for his liaisons with a number of women before and after his marriage and had a total of fourteen illegitimate children: Charles was not at all interested in the marriage and took no part in the negotiations. On 21st May 1662, James married Catherine of Braganza as part of a trade and mutual suppport treaty with Portugal. King Charles II was proclaimed King of England on 8th May 1660. He agreed to the terms which gave Parliament an increased role in the government of the country. Parliament removed him from power after just six months in office.Ĭharles was soon asked to return to England as King under the terms of the Declaration of Breda. However, Richard Cromwell was not, like his father, a skilled administrator. On 3rd September 1658, Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, died. ![]() Once there he worked to raise an army that would defeat Parliament and reinstate the monarchy but found little support. In 1650, Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland and after several defeats Charles fled to France. However, the Scots would only agree to support Charles if he promised to make the whole of Britain Presbyterian once he became King. Interregnumįollowing his father’s execution, the Scottish parliament immediately proclaimed Charles King Charles II of Scotland. He was beheaded on 30th January 1649 and two months later England was proclaimed a republic. In January 1649, King Charles I, was tried for treason, found guilty and sentenced to death. Although William offered support it was too late. When he was unsuccessful he tried to get support from his brother-in-law, William II of Orange. The Royal family evaded capture for eleven months until Oxford fell to the Parliamentarian siege.Ĭharles managed to escape to France where he urged King Louis XIV to support his father and provide support to restore him to the throne. Twelve year old Charles and his younger brother James were present at the Battle of Edgehill, the first major battle of the Civil War.Ĭharles and his siblings were moved from London to the Royalist capital, Oxford for fear that they would be captured.īy 1645 it was obvious that the Royalists had lost the war and that Parliament were victorious. Matters came to a head on 22nd August 1642 when Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham, effectively declaring war on Parliament. Members of Parliament did not believe that the King should have absolute power and wanted him to cede more power to Parliament. Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings – that he had been chosen by God to be king and could only be judged by God. They were given a military as well as academic education.įrom the early 1630s, King Charles I, was being increasingly challenged by Parliament. As the eldest surviving son of the reigning monarch, Charles was heir to the throne.Ĭharles and his younger brother James, born 1633, were privately tutored. ![]() He was the couple’s second child, their firstborn, also named Charles was born and died in 1629. King Charles II was born on 29th May 1630 to King Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France.
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